它包含了loadBalenc的效果，完全替代了loadbalence

openfeign是一个声明式的Web服务客户端，
只需创建一个Rest接口并在该接口上添加注解@FeignClient即可

使用步骤

1. 引入依赖

 <dependencies>
        <!--openfeign-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--SpringCloud consul discovery-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--web + actuator-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--lombok-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <!--hutool-all-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--fastjson2-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.fastjson2</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson2</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- swagger3 调用方式 http://你的主机IP地址:5555/swagger-ui/index.html -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
            <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

2. 配置application.yml

server:
  port: 80

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-consumer-openfeign-order
  ####Spring Cloud Consul for Service Discovery
  cloud:
    consul:
      host: localhost
      port: 8500
      discovery:
        prefer-ip-address: true #优先使用服务ip进行注册
        service-name: ${spring.application.name}

3. 修改启动类，添加注解

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient //该注解用于向使用consul为注册中心时注册服务
@EnableFeignClients//启用feign客户端,定义服务+绑定接口，以声明式的方法优雅而简单的实现服务调用
public class MainOpenFeign80
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        SpringApplication.run(MainOpenFeign80.class,args);
    }
}

4. 修改common模块

• 添加openfeign依赖

    <!--openfeign-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>

• 创建api暴露出去的地址包

5. 客户端controller中使用common中的feign的API接口